Bacteria are singlecelled living organisms about a micron in size 1m. Purification, crystallization and properties of tyrosine. The type strain enterobacter agglomerans atcc 27155 was examined for deoxyribonucleic acid dna relatedness to 54 strains of the erwinia herbicolaenterobacter agglomerans complex, to 23 strains of other erwinia and enterobacter species, and to 50 reference strains of 49 different species in other genera of the family enterobacteriaceae. We report here a case of dermohypodermitis and bactaeremia caused by erwinia billingiae, a gramnegative bacteria usually pathogenic and epiphytic to pome fruit tree. Erwinia herbicola now pantoea agglomerans erwinia mallotivora. Functional assignment of erwinia herbicola expressed in e.
Eho10 has inhibitory activity against erwinia amylovora, a bacteria pathogen. Initially, a corynebacterium enzyme that could stereoselectively reduce 2,5diketodgluconic acid to 2ketolgulonic acid was identified and purified. In this report, a cluster of 16 ehp erwinia herbicola phenazine plasmid genes required for the production of agaby eh1087 is described. Cloning of an erwinia herbicola gene necessary for gluconic. Upper department of plant pathology, university of wisconsin, madison, wi 53706. Pantoea agglomerans is a gramnegative bacterium that belongs to the family erwiniaceae it was formerly called enterobacter agglomerans, or erwinia herbicola and is an ubiquitous bacterium commonly isolated from plant surfaces, seeds, fruit, and animal or human feces and can be found throughout a honeybees environment. The synthesized ldopa precipitates due to its low solubility, which favors the reverse reaction to. Some of the plant pathogens are of considerable economic importance, while many of the epiphytic bacteria are.
Pathogenic bacteria inhibited by eho10 includes those from the following genera. The three patients, two males and one female, were 17. Erwinia persicina is the causative agent of necrosis of bean pods and seeds, redbrown fruit in cucumber, tomato, banana. Motility and chemotaxis of erwinia herbicola and its. Read characterization of free and alginatepolylysinealginate microencapsulated erwinia herbicola for the conversion of ammonia, pyruvate, and phenol into l.
In many cases where this organism was originally thought to be pathogenic the true pathogens have. This chapter describes the biochemical and serological characterization of erwinia. Interestingly, this probe appears also to be rather strainspecific in that only strain 299r and not any of six other strains of e. Erwinia herbicola, a common colonist of aerial plant surfaces, produces the plant hormone indoleacetic acid iaa in culture supplemented with tryptophan, like many plantassociated bacteria 2, 3. The genetically modified strains were produced from two indigenous strains of erwinia herbicola by transposon mutagenesis with the transposon tn5. Elucidation of the erwinia uredovora carotenoid biosynthetic.
Four from 18 strains of erwinia herbicola tested had nitrogenase activity and grew with n 2 as sole source of nitrogen under strict anaerobic conditions with a doubling time of 2024 h. The proposed field tests would be conducted in the state of new york on a total area of less than 10 acres. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. Several icenucleating bacterial strains, including erwinia herbicola, pseudomonasfluorescens, andpseudomonassyringae isolates, wereexaminedfor their ability to shedice nuclei into the growthmedium. With the exception of streptomyces species, all are small, single, rodshaped cells approximately 0. Cloning and random mutagenesis of the erwinia herbicola. For example, the irish potato famine of the 1800s led. Characterization of a novel phenazine antibiotic gene. The gene tuta encoding tyrosine phenollyase from erwinia herbicola was cloned into escherichia coli, and fusions to the lac and tac promoters were constructed.
Hyperproduction of 3,4dihydroxyphenyllalanine ldopa. Characterization of free and alginatepolylysinealginate. Erwinia species, erwinia carotovora subspecies carotovora ecc, erwinia carotovora subspecies atroseptica eca, erwinia chrysanthemi echr, and erwinia amylovora ea, are phytopathogens and regulate the production of carbapenem antibiotic and exoenzymes, such as pectate lyases, cellulase, and proteases, through quorum sensing. A bacterial ice nucleus active in increasing frost injury to corn s. Erwinia isolates alfalfa plants may play role nodulation of. Subjective synonymy of erwinia herbicola, erwinia milletiae, and. Insects, nematodes, bacteria, fungi, and viruses can cause massive destruction of important crops, and this destruction can have great socioeconomic effects. Erwinia carotovora is the main bacterial disease of cyclamen the symptoms of its onset are a sudden rotting of the tuber, which gives off a fetidsmell, and a drooping of the leaves. Evidence is presented to show that the expression of an erwinia herbicola gene in e. Erwinia herbicolastrain eh1087 produces the broadspectrum phenazine antibiotic dalanylgriseoluteic acid aga. A ten fold increase in protein per culture found after the maximum nitrogenase activity of.
Key words carotenoid genes erwinia herbicola fumarate binding domain melibiose carrier protein cystathione 7synthase introduction erwinia herbicola is a nonphotosynthetic, gramnega tive bacterium which is yellow in color due to the pres ence of carotenoids. Pantoea agglomerans, erwinia herbicola complex 64% at 60c, 32% at. Transfer of erwinia ananas synonym, erwinia uredovora. The type strains of erwinia herbicola, enterobacter agglomerans, and erwinia milletiae fall. Pdf multiple antibiotic production by erwinia herbicola. Isolation and characterization of erwinia herbicola associated with internal discoloration of tomato fruits lycopersicon esculentum mill in saudi arabia y. Pantoea deleyi and pantoea eucalypti produce bacterial blight and dieback of eucalyptus leaves. The recent findings of intravenous fluid contamination with erwinia organisms has focused attention on these bacteria.
Erwinia persicinus, a new species isolated from plants. Ries former graduate research assistant and associate professor, respectively, department of plant pathology, university of illinois at urbanachampaign 61801. Erwinia persicinus, a new species isolated from plants free. Release of cellfree ice nuclei by erwinia herbicola. As a mesophilic bacterium, erwinia carotovora thrives the most in the temperature range between 27 and 30 degrees celsius. The bacterium is present in most soils, but it is fostered by too much warmth, too much fertiliser, and the use of too heavy a growing medium which makes for too much humidity. Crystalline tyrosine phenol lyase was prepared from the cell extract of erwinia herbicola grown in a medium supplemented with ltyrosine. Erwinia herbicola now pantoea agglomerans erwinia mallotivora erwinia nigrifluens erwinia persicinus erwinia psidii.
Curing with mitomycin c indicated that pvq2 was cryptic but pvq1, a 7. Erwinia papayae is a pathogen of papaya carica papaya. The type strains of erwinia herbicola, enterobacter agglomerans, and erwinia milletiae fall into one phenon. Pantoea ananatis erwinia ananas erwinia uredovora causes pink disease in pineapple ananas comosus, leafspot in syngonium syngonium podophyllum, purple stain in papaya carica papaya, and cereal rust. Farmers have been trying to minimize the impacts of crop pests for thousands of years. Dextrinfuchsinesulfite medium dfs, rimlershotts agar rs, and a new lysineornithinemannitol agar lom were tested for detection of enterobacter agglomerans.
Cloning and regulation of erwinia herbicola pigment genes. Erwinia herbicola y46 degrades phloridzin to yield phloretin, phloroglucinol, and phloretic acid, when grown on defined medium containing phloridzin as the sole source of carbon. Erwinia is a genus of enterobacterales bacteria containing mostly plant pathogenic species which was named for the famous plant pathologist, erwin frink smith. Erwinia infection from environmental sources jama jama. Pantocin b, an antibiotic from erwinia herbicola discovered by heterologous expression of cloned genes cheminform 2000, 31, nono. Erwinia uredovora is a parasite of rust fungi and multiples in the plant tissue infected by the. Erwinia, pseudomonas, xanthomonas, streptomyces, and xylella. Several icenucleating bacterial strains, including erwinia herbicola, pseudomonas fluorescens, and pseudomonas syringae isolates, were examined for their ability to shed ice nuclei into the growth medium. Erwinia carnegiana causes bacterial spot of watermelon citrullus vulgaris. A strain of erwinia herbicola identified as eho10 has been found to have a broad spectrum of inhibitory activity against pathogenic bacteria. Each value represents the mean number of nodules on 50 plants 6 days after inoculation.
Genotypic comparison of pantoea agglomerans plant and. Release of cell free ice nuclei by erwinia herbicola article pdf available in journal of bacteriology 1672. These cell free nuclei exhibited a freezing spectrum similar to that of ice nuclei. Pdf characterization of free and alginatepolylysine. Pmc free article perry kl, simonitch ta, harrisonlavoie kj, liu st. Previous studies demonstrated that the tpl promoter of erwinia herbicola is activated by the tyrr protein of escherichia coli. Cutaneous infection and bactaeremia caused by erwinia.
Agrobacterium, corynebacterium, erwinia, pseudomonas, and xanthomonas. Isolation and characterization of erwinia herbicola. It contains gramnegative bacteria related to escherichia coli, shigella, salmonella, and yersinia. In vitro expression and activity of lycopene cyclase and bcarotene hydroxylase from erwinia herbicola bhupinder s.
In an attempt to create a hightplexpressing strain, we cloned the tyrr gene of e. The tat and ipdc genes, encoding a tryptophan aminotransferase and an indolepyruvate decarboxylase, which are involved in the first and second enzymatic steps. Tyrosine phenollyase tpl, which can synthesize 3,4dihydroxyphenylalanine from pyruvate, ammonia, and catechol, is a tyrosineinducible enzyme. In vitro antibacterial activities of the essential oils of aromatic plants against erwinia herbicola lohnis and pseudomonas putida kris hamilton abhay k. Production of ldihydroxyphenylalanine in escherichia coli. Characterization of a novel phenazine antibiotic gene cluster. Alternative pathways of zeaxanthin biosynthesis in a flavobacterium species. These cell free nuclei exhibited a freezing spectrum similar to that of ice nuclei found on whole cells. In human stools, lom and dfs were most sensitive at coliformtoe. Heterogeneous transcription of an indoleacetic acid.
Al saleh plant protection department, college of food and agricultural sciences, king saud university, p. Erwinia herbicola, tomato fruit, screening, saudi arabia. The crystalline enzyme was homogeneous by the criteria of ultracentrifugation and acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Erwinia herbicola strain eh1087 produces the broad. The type strain enterobacter agglomerans atcc 27155 was examined for deoxyribonucleic acid dna relatedness to 54 strains of the erwinia herbicola enterobacter agglomerans complex, to 23 strains of other erwinia and enterobacter species, and to 50 reference strains of 49 different species in other genera of the family enterobacteriaceae. Erwinia herbicola cells with high tpl activity are prepared by cultivation in a medium supplemented with ltyrosine, harvested by centrifugation, and then transferred to the reactor together with the substrates pyruvate, ammonia, and catechol. Tripathi1 1bacteriology and natural pesticide lab, department of botany, ddu gorakhpur university. Pdf release of cellfree ice nuclei by erwinia herbicola.
Ldihydroxyphenylalanine was synthesized in high yield from catechol. The description of enterobacter agglomerans, erwinia herbicola, and erwinia. The genus erwinia contains a heterogeneous group of bacteria, including plant pathogens and epiphytic bacteria, occurring in a wide range of habitats. Pmc free article mcdermott jc, brown dj, britton g, goodwin tw. In vitro antibacterial activities of the essential oils of.
Nitrogenase activity started only 96120 h after transfer to a special medium maintained under anaerobic conditions. Evaluation of three differential media for detection of. Free report of the ad hoc committee on reconciliation of. Subjective synonymy of erwinia herbicola, erwinia milletiae. Motility and chemotaxis of erwinia herbicola and its effect on erwinia amylovora biological control, phytobacteriology, fire blight welcome to the ideals repository javascript is disabled for your browser. Erwinia uredovora is a parasite of rust fungi and multiples in the plant tissue infected by the rust organism. Four from 18 strains of erwinia herbicola tested had nitrogenase activity and grew with n2 as sole source of nitrogen under strict anaerobic conditions with a doubling time of 2024 h. Two strains of erwinia herbicola effective in the biocontrol of e. Proferrioxamine profiles of erwinia herbicola and related bacteria.
On the basis of these data, the name erwinia persicinus is proposed for the new organism. A new metabolic pathway has been created in the microorganism erwinia herbicola that gives it the ability to produce 2ketolgulonic acid, an important intermediate in the synthesis of lascorbic acid. Several icenucleating bacterial strains, including erwinia herbicola. Characterization of free and alginatepolylysinealginate microencapsulated erwinia herbicola for the conversion of ammonia, pyruvate, and phenol into l. The extent of the gene cluster was revealed by the isolation. Cloning and random mutagenesis of the erwinia herbicola tyrr. Physical characterization of a glucosedehydrogenase. In vitro expression and activity of lycopene cyclase and b. Erwinia herbicola atcc 21998, a facultative anaerobe, has two plasmids. We investigated the spatial pattern of expression of ipdc, a plant inducible gene involved in indoleacetic acid biosynthesis in erwinia herbicola, among individual cells on plants to gain a better understanding of the role of this phenotype in the epiphytic ecology of bacteria and the factors involved in the regulation of ipdc.
Production of 2ketolgulonate, an intermediate in l. Characterization of free and alginatepolylysinealginate microencapsulated erwinia herbicola for the conversion of ammonia, pyruvate, and phenol into ltyrosine. Erwinia mallotivora produces black leaf spot in mallotus japonicus tree. The molecular weight was determined to be approximately 259,000. The pathogen erwinia amylovora is the type species for the genus erwinia, a genus created in the enterobacteriaceae to contain the gramnegative, motile, aerobic to facultative anaerobic, nonsporulating bacteria ecologically associated with plants brenner, 1984. Pantocin b, an antibiotic from erwinia herbicola discovered. Cellulitis and erysipelas are common skin infections usually caused by staphylococcus aureus and streptococci. Introduction and background genetically modified pest. When tested on minimal media containing free amino acids, it was noticed that antibiosis by several.
Transfer of erwinia ananas synonym, erwinia uredovora and. The identities of the intermediates isolated from culture filtrates were established by cochromatography and by ultraviolet absorption spectra. Motility and chemotaxis of erwinia herbicola and its effect on erwinia amylovora m. Erwinia is a genus of enterobacterales bacteria containing mostly plant pathogenic species. They reproduce asexually, by cell division giving two daughter cells genetically identical with the mother cell. At yalenew haven hospital, erwinia strains were isolated from blood cultures in 1966, 1969, and 1970. Erwinia isolates alfalfa plants may play role nodulation. In this report, a cluster of 16 ehp e rwinia h erbicola p henazine plasmid genes required for the production of aga by eh1087 is described. Ishimaru and others published multiple antibiotic production by erwinia herbicola find, read and cite all the.
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